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From the TurfNet NewsDesk

  • John Reitman
    Retirement is supposed to be a time for relaxation and activities like playing golf.
    While Frank Dobie has been doing plenty of both since he retired in 2020 after 60 years as a superintendent, he is still busy serving the industry that has given him so much.
    As far back as 1999, more than 20 years before his retirement, Dobie began creating a system for collecting and cataloging biographies of golf course superintendents throughout the Northern Ohio GCSA chapter and elsewhere. Although Dobie, 84, considers the job a labor of love, make no mistake it is first and foremost labor.
    "I have 146 in various stages. Some gave me a little; some gave me a lot," Dobie said. "Some individuals just are not willing to talk about themselves. They don't want to blow their own horn. Some think they haven't done much, and some say they're just too busy."
    Dobie graduated in Penn State's second-ever class to go through what then was the school's new two-year turf program launched in 1957 by Joe Duich, Ph.D. He became a superintendent in 1960 and four years later was named superintendent and general manager at Sharon Golf Club in northeast Ohio, a job he held until his retirement four years ago. 
    Throughout the duration of his career he was and remains active in several other capacities. He has been president of The Musser International Turfgrass Foundation that promotes turfgrass management as a profession. He also oversees the Joseph M. Duich Scholarship, which operates under the Musser Foundation, and each year recognizes a doctoral student in turfgrass studies. He was named the recipient of the 2022 USGA Green Section Award — two years after he retired.
    Dobie sees recording the history of Northern Ohio chapter superintendents as just another way to serve his profession.
    "If you turn on any sports program, commentators refer to all sorts of figures and statistics," he said. "It doesn't matter if it's golf, football, baseball or tennis; the sports media has been compiling history for years. Every rookie has his history recorded on his first at-bat, but no one is doing this for superintendents who prepare these courses for their enjoyment, and that's a shame. It galls me, and that's why I started doing this."
    In hopes of collecting personal and professional accomplishments of other Penn State graduates as well as fellow superintendents in the Northern Ohio chapter, Dobie developed a questionnaire that superintendents can populate with their professional history. The questionnaire continues to undergo change in hopes of producing better information and making it easier for superintendents to respond.
    He recalls speaking at a conference and seeing only five hands shoot up when he asked if anyone in the audience of superintendents recognized the name Eberhard Steiniger, the longtime superintendent at Pine Valley. Recording the history of greenkeeping, Dobie believes, also can be an educational resource for other superintendents.

    After 60 years as a superintendent, Frank Dobie's legacy of giving back is anything but over. "It's hard to know where we're going when we don't know where we've been," he said. "There are so many things we can learn from each other.
    "I'm the self-appointed historian of the northern Ohio chapter, and I'm really pushing for superintendents to write in. I did mine first to see how it would work, and I've changed the format and added some things as time went on. How difficult is it to write a bio?"
    Among those who have responded to Dobie's plea for biographical information is Ross Miller, CGCS, director of agronomy at the Country Club of Detroit, and a 2004 Penn State graduate.
    "I think keeping records/archives like this is an often-overlooked important item that can be useful for resources on a number of fronts: Bounce ideas off of other counterparts that you know dealt with a similar challenge as you, reconnect with classmates, make connections/network with various generations of turf alumni to allow them to gain additional mentorship than the course/GCS they are currently working for," Miller said. "I also did this out of respect for Frank, as this is a large undertaking to try to build a database like this, and I respect the digging in on the challenge."
    Dobie not only would like to get better participation from within the Northern Ohio chapter, he would like to see other chapters take on such a project, as well. His ultimate goal is to kickstart a movement that leads to a superintendent's hall of fame, and you cannot nominate someone for induction into any hall of fame if you don't know what they've accomplished.
    "Capturing the history of these people is important," Dobie said. "My mind hasn't changed on that. Superintendents belong in golf's history."
  • It was not that long ago that robotic mowers seemed like something straight out of the Jetsons — interesting and intriguing, but not realistic. In fact, it was only 15 years ago when the RG3 autonomous greens mower appeared on the trade show floor at the 2009 GCSAA Show in New Orleans.
    Many of those circling the RG3 display at the Ernest P. Morial Convention Center in New Orleans had a similar message: "Looks interesting, but I'm not turning my greens over to a robot."
    Technology changes quickly, and the turf industry is no exception. Today, robotic mowing technology is gaining acceptance rapidly in the golf market, with many players in that arena. And there is officially a new face in that arena — Firefly Automatix.
    Based in Salt Lake City, Firefly Automatix recently launched its 5-gang mower for use on managed turf.
    Initially launched last year as the M100-AV, the mower has been rebranded as the AMP L-100 for use on golf courses, sports fields and sod farms.

    The Firefly Automatix robotic mower for managed turf is now available as the L-100. Firefly Automatix photo Powered by four 3.3 kilowatt motors, the Firefly mower can achieve a top speed of 6 mph. Combined with a lithium-iron battery pack that has a charge of up to 2.5 hours and a 100-inch cutting width, the unit can mow up to 25 acres on a single battery charge.
    Firefly Automatix was founded in 2010 as a provider of parts, equipment and machinery to the sod-harvesting industry. The company has a history in autonomous technology and developed the L-100 after 10 years of research and development. The company recently announced a lease program for the L-100.
    Two different cutting units, the Pitchride and Rolorocker, offer height of cut ranging from 0.25 to 2.5 inches.
    With no hydraulics or engine oil, turf-killing spills and leaks are not an issue.
    The AMP's four motors are synchronized with two independent steering motors for precise steering and maximum traction while minimizing turf stress.
    The wide profile and low center of gravity help ensure weight is equally distributed over each wheel and maximize the L-100's ability to safely and effectively tackle sloped surfaces.

  • News and people briefs

    By John Reitman, in News,

    Aquatrols adds 2 to management team
    The Aquatrols Co. recently welcomed two new team members.
    David Libby is the new territory manager for the Northeast, and Kate Garassino joins the company as marketing manager for the golf market and Aquatrols' new sports field marketing team. 
    Libby is a former superintendent with more than 25 years of industry experience and joins Aquatrols after a successful tenure at Prouts Neck Country Club in Maine. 
    Garassino previously worked as the Clay Technology Solutions marketing manager at Profile Products. She will manage social media, public relations and other aspects of the company's communications and marketing efforts.
    Envu taps Gore for its GST
    Envu Turf and Ornamentals recently named Adam Gore, Ph.D., to its Green Solutions Team.
    Before joining Envu he was a horticulture extension agent for Clemson University for six years, where he specialized in turfgrass agronomy and weed control.
    A South Carolina native, Gore earned bachelor's, master's and doctorate degrees from Clemson. His research included weed control and plant-health products on cool- and warm-season greens and the potential impact of copper within industry products. He has authored numerous peer-reviewed articles.

    RISE names 2 new board members
    RISE named two new members to its board of directors.
    Joining the Responsible Industry for a Sound Environment board at the group's annual meeting Sept. 20 in San Diego were Blaine Pinkerton, vice president of sales for Nufarm's turf and ornamental division, and Brian Rowan, SiteOne Landscape Supply's vice president of category management. They replace Scott Reasons of Syngenta and Kathy Bishop of Lebanon Seaboard Corp.
    The group's executive committee is:
    Neal Cleveland, PBI-Gordon Corp., chair Todd Mason, Sipcam Agro USA, vice chair  John Johnson, Prokoz Inc., treasurer Karen Larson, Clarke, immediate past chair  Continuing on the board are Barbara Aguiar of BASF, Jeff Bunting of Growmark Inc., Sam Barrick of SePRO Corp., Dan Carrothers of FMC Corp., Steven Farrington of Gowan USA, Brent Stauffacher of Corteva Agriscience, Mark Schneid of Envu, and Shayne Wetherall of Amguard Environmental Technologies.
    RISE also presented awards at its annual meeting. Recipients were:
    RISE Volunteer Service Awards 2022-2024
    Darryl Blakey of BASF, Julie Schlekau of Valent and Heidi Deja of BASF
    Strategic Driver Award 2024
    Brittany Wilkerson of PBI-Gordon Corp.
    Grassroots Advocacy Award 2024
    Buddy Freund, New Jersey Green Industry Council.
  • "On a hallowed hill in Tennessee — Like a beacon shining bright — The stately walls of old UT / Rise glorious to the sight."
    — University of Tennessee alma mater
    Turfgrass researchers at the University of Tennessee wanted to try something other than a traditional field day this year to connect stakeholders to research taking place at the institution's research facility.
    "We looked at this from the 10,000-foot level," said Jim Brosnan, Ph.D., professor and director of the weed diagnostic center at Tennessee. "We weren't sure it made sense to spend all that money putting up tents and providing lunch for 500 people, most of whom were just there to renew their pesticide credits and go home."
    Instead of doing the same-old version of a field day, UT launched Beacon 2024. The program connected dozens of job-seeking students with nearly 30 employers from throughout the turf industry in what was essentially a two-day job fair and research update held Sept. 12-13 in Knoxville.
    "We had not done a field day since 2019," Brosnan said. "The idea was to connect students and employers and then connect them both to the research we are doing here."

    Day 1 of Beacon 2024 connected students with potential employers. UT photo The event connected about 70 students with employers in 28 booths at a downtown Knoxville hotel. The second day was held at the university's research farm south of campus along the Tennessee River.
    The university has about 40 students enrolled in the turf program, with others in attendance from other fields in the horticulture arena. There also were a couple of students from the unversity's veterinary medicine program, along with a handful of attendees from local high schools and community colleges, said Becky Bowling, Ph.D., assistant professor and extension specialist who came to UT in May 2023 when Tom Samples, Ph.D., retired.
    Employers came from as far as Florida to exhibit at the event and meet with prospective new hires.
    Employers on site included chemical companies, golf courses and others. Interactive exercises such as a trivia competition encouraged students to visit each booth to maximize interaction between stakeholders.
    "Collectively, we decided not to do a field day," Bowling said. "It's not addressing the needs of stakeholders across the state. So many places are having challenges with labor and workforce development, and this kind of event provides a more intimate relationship with stakeholders across the state and our research program.
    "We thought, let's create an event that ticks three major boxes of an in-person program: One, it allows employers to connect with students and address the systemic challenges they are having; Two, it allows stakeholders to engage with faculty and our research program in a richer, more in-depth way; and Three, it gives everyone an opportunity to socialize, get away from the day-to-day, see people and have a good time."
    Day 2 of the event was held at the East Tennessee Research Facility for an update on current research projects taking place within the program. Pesticide points were not offered so the focus would remain on the students and the actual research being done at UT.
    "We intentionally did not offer pesticide points, because as soon as you do that changes the audience," Brosnan said. "Companies want to get to know students and they want to get to know our research. That's why they're here."
    When seeking a name for the event, Brosnan invited input from students and others. He finally settled on Beacon, which is the name of the student newspaper and is a key word in the university's alma mater.
    "I wanted a single word that we could own and we just had to add a year to the end of it every year," Brosnan said.
    "Beacon was perfect."

    The second day of Beacon 2024 provided attendees with an update on University of Tennessee turfgrass research projects. UT photo The event has been in discussion for more than a year, and the thought that went into developing, planning and staging such an innovative event is part of what attracted Bowling to Tennessee when she succeeded Samples as the university's statewide extension specialist.
    "One of the reasons I picked this job, I think this extension has the best juju, the best vibe, and that is because of Tom Samples," Bowling said. "He brought such positivity to this position.
    "There is a lot of capacity for me to come in and make this job my own, but I also want to honor the positivity that he brought and the relationships he built. He had great relationships with all of the county extension agents. It's daunting, he set the bar so high."
    Future tweaks to the Beacon program will include seeking ways to fund student travel through sponsorships so jobseekers from other areas and other universities can attend. Students from universities in Kentucky, South Carolina and Georgia expressed interest in the event but travel expenses proved to be a roadblock.
    "We would never turn any student away who is interested in attending. We invited regional programs like Horry-Georgetown and Abraham Baldwin, and there were students interested from Western Kentucky," Bowling said. "We might ask employers to help support travel, because there are cost limitations. Even though it was free to attend, students still have to get here and get accommodations. But we know the interest is there."
  • The efforts of Jim Pavonetti, CGCS, and his team at Fairview Country Club in Greenwich, Connecticut, were recognized through the Environmental Leaders in Golf Awards program. Photo by Jim Pavonetti The awards continue to pile up for Jim Pavonetti.
    After several runner-up finishes, Pavonetti, certified superintendent at Fairview Country Club in Greenwich, Connecticut, was named a winner in the Environmental Leaders in Golf Awards program. It was the second first-place award for Pavonetti, who has been named a runner-up "eight or nine times now."
    Pavonetti, who has been at Fairview since 2008, was the winner in the Natural Resource Conservation Award category. 
    Other winners are Mark Claburn of Tierra Verde Golf Club in Arlington, Texas, who won the Communications and Outreach Award; Kevin Ackerman of Royal Wood and Country Club in Naples, Florida, winner of the Innovation Conservation Award; and Steven Tierney, MG, at Golfpark Zurichsee in Wangen, Switzerland, who received the Healthy Land Stewardship Award.
    Pavonetti was the 2023 ELGA Innovative Conservation Award recipient and was the first runner-up for the 2018 and 2019 Natural Resource awards and the 2021 and 2022 Innovative Conservation awards.
    "It really is a nice honor to finally begin to break through the runner-up places in these awards," Pavonetti said. "We try to improve every year, so I guess we are finally getting over the hump."
    In 2018 the ELGAs were updated to recognize more superintendents in more focused areas of environmental sustainability. Instead of offering national awards based on facility type, the current version of the ELGAs is based on environmental best management practices and honor specific areas of focus.
    The Communications and Outreach Award recognizes effective communication of conservation strategies with facility employees, golfers and other members of the community. The Healthy Land Stewardship Award recognizes effective strategies for efficient use of pesticides and nutrients, as well as pollution prevention. The Innovative Conservation Award recognizes unique and innovative strategies for conservation. The Natural Resource Conservation Award recognizes effective strategies for water conservation, energy conservation and sound wildlife management. Among his conservation efforts at Fairview are plans to cut water use by 20 percent. The course uses a combination of surface water from catch ponds and effluent water from the course and neighborhood to eliminate reliance on potable water. Regular testing at Fairview shows that waster leaving the course is cleaner than when it enters.
    Lithium battery-powered golf cars and motion-sensor lighting help reduce energy use.

    Jim Pavonetti, CGCS, has increased bluebird nesting boxes throughout the golf course at Fairview Country Club in Greenwich, Connecticut. Photo by Jim Pavonetti On the golf course, Pavonetti has expanded areas for native plants and pollinators, buffer zones and no-spray areas, bat boxes and bluebird nesting sites.
    "Sustainability, best management practices and environmental stewardship are vital pieces to keeping golf a great sport and pastime for millions of people across the globe," Pavonetti said. "I am continuously looking to improve personally and professionally, especially when it comes to environmental stewardship. Sustainable initiatives and accomplishments have become some great ways to consistently improve the playing experiences for our members and guests here at Fairview. Whether it is wildlife enhancements, water conservation, or overall better turfgrass, the membership is incredibly supportive of these efforts, and it is so great to be recognized outside of this by my peers and family of golf/turf maintenance for these accomplishments."
    In July, Pavonetti was named to the board of directors of Audubon International and last year was named to the Greenwich Sustainability Committee that includes a cross section of stakeholders that includes engineers, local leaders and residents. As a member of the committee, Pavonetti lends his expertise to others and how the efforts of superintendents in the Greenwich area and throughout Connecticut and be a resource for other entities on their respective path toward environmental stewardship.
    "I am always humbled when asked for advice on some of these environmental efforts by other courses and organizations," Pavonetti said. "Being recognized as a leader in this industry is such an honor. This has been a collective effort that includes the entire staff here, and I am thrilled how others view these accomplishments through this awards program. My hope is that the surrounding communities of these great golf courses learn and appreciate what green spaces and golf courses bring to their neighborhoods, and I think the ELGA program is a great starting point."
    Mark Claburn
    Tierra Verde Golf Club, Arlington, Texas
    This is the second ELGA award for Claburn, who has been the superintendent at Tierra Verde Golf Club since 2005. He was the ELGA Public Golf Course and Overall Winner in 2004.
    Tierra Verde was the first golf course in Texas and the first publicly owned golf course in the world to be certified as an Audubon Signature Sanctuary. 
    The public golf course encompasses 263 total acres with 90 acres of managed turf.
    Claburn serves on the board of the North Texas Golf Course Superintendents Association; Sustainable Dallas, a local environmental and sustainable business organization; the City of Arlington Green Policy Council; and the Parks Environmental Committee.
    Situated on 263 acres, 90 of which are managed turf, Tierra Verde conducts tours for many groups and civic organizations to promote its environemental stewardship efforts and is a template for other golf courses and municipalities throughout North Texas for when crafting their own environmental programs.
    "I think as superintendents we sometimes take for granted the great office we have and the technical expertise we possess," Claburn said. "One of the great benefits of outreach and having non-golfers tour your course with you, is gaining a new passion for your profession when you explain the process of course maintenance and sustainable practices and then see the amazement of someone who has never stepped foot on a green before."
    Kevin Ackerman
    Royal Wood and Country Club, Naples, Florida
    Before recently accepting a job with FMC Corp. Ackerman had been superintendent at Royal Wood for 11 years. 
    In that time, he worked with the University of Florida entomology department on Tuttle mealybug research, and developed a program to control the pest that has since been adopted by many other superintendents.
    "Superintendents face various pressures daily, and the Tuttle mealybug is just one example of the potential challenges faced when maintaining ultradwarf bermudagrass greens," Ackerman said. "At first glance, the damage caused by this microscopic pest can resemble a disease or nematodes. My success combatting this pest can be attributed to the support of my peers, insights from the University of Florida entomology department, manufacturers and my own independent trails."
    Steven Tierney, MG
    Golfpark Zurichsee, Wangen, Switzerland
    Tierney also is a two-time ELGA winner in his 26 years at Golfpark Zurichsee. He was the GCSAA Environmental Leaders in Golf National Overall and International Winner in 2012.
    Tierney has had to adopt a novel way to combat cranefly problems because golf courses in the country must be, by law, insecticide free. To manage cranefly outbreaks, Tierney and his staff use black plastic tarps on greens at night and then manually clear the larvae in the morning.
    They use 18-foot buffer zones around all water and do not mow wildflower meadow areas before June 10 each year. He has adopted a recycling program to work toward a goal of zero waste. So far, the club has reduced waste by 30 percent in the past 10 years.
    "We are guardians of the natural habitats, not just the golf course," Tierney said. "In my opinion we should be doing everything possible to maintain it to better the environment we live in today and be able to pass it on to the next generations knowing we have done our best to maintain and improve our golf courses and local environments."
    Eight runners-up also received recognition for their environmental efforts.
    Natural Resource Conservation Award
    First Runner-up: James Sua, CGCS, Pei Tou Kuo Golf and Country Club, Taipei, Taiwan Second Runner-up: Justin Brimley, Crystal Springs Golf Course, Burlingame, California Communications and Outreach Award
    First Runner-up: Carl Thompson, CGCS, Columbia Point Golf Course, Richland, Washington Second Runner-up: Eric Verellen, Snoqualmie Falls Golf Course, Fall City, Washington Healthy Land Stewardship Award
    First Runner-up: Michael Bednar, Palouse Ridge Golf Club, Pullman, Washington Second Runner-up: Harlyn Goldman, CGCS, Needwood Golf Course, Derwood, Maryland Innovative Conservation Award
    First runner-up: Jorge Mendoza, Green River Golf Club, Corona, California Second Runner-up: Chris Robson, Glendoveer Golf and Tennis, Portland, Oregon
  • A new combination fertilizer and weed killer from LebanonTurf is a phosphorus-free Mesotrione product. LebanonTurf photo LebanonTurf, a provider of high-performance plant nutrition for the golf and landscaping industries, is launching ProScape 20-0-4 100% PCSCU SOP 8% Ca with .08% Mesotrione, the industry's first and only Mesotrione combination product that does not contain phosphorus and is designed for routine turf maintenance.
    Available exclusively from LebanonTurf, ProScape 20-0-4 100% PCSCU SOP 8% Ca, is a new, SGN 150, blended product that controls over 46 grassy and broadleaf weeds, including some of the most troublesome weeds, including crabgrass, dandelion and yellow nutsedge. It is labeled for use on golf courses, athletic fields and residential and commercial turf.
    "Up until now, the only fertilizer combination product with Mesotrione herbicide was the popular 21-22-4 Starter that's designed for seed establishment," said Christopher S. Gray, Sr. manager of professional marketing. "The development of this new product resulted from our professional customers asking for a product that contained no phosphorus so that it could be used for routine maintenance purposes."
    Mesotrione provides control of more than 46 broadleaf and grassy weeds with its novel technology based on a naturally occurring compound produced by the bottlebrush plant (Callistemon citrinus). It is absorbed through the roots, shoots and leaves and inhibits photosynthesis in susceptible plants, which results in bleaching of the leaves followed by necrosis and death of the plant. Mesotrione has been granted reduced risk status for use on turf by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
    "We've been working on bringing this product to market for several years," Gray said, "and are extremely excited about being able to help our loyal customers utilize Mesotrione for all of their turf management needs from turf establishment to general maintenance."
  • Like all disease-causing pathogens, Microdochium nivale is an opportunistic pest. Because it thrives under a wide range of conditions, the pathogen that causes Microdochium patch, or pink snow mold, has an open door to cause damage on cool-season turf on golf courses.
    Although it might seem early to begin thinking about pink snow mold prevention, the time to make preventive fungicide applications is just a matter of weeks away for many superintendents.
    "This is by far the biggest problem for golf courses in Oregon," said Alec Kowalewski, Ph.D., of Oregon State University. "It's a problem here from October through spring."
    Microdochium patch can be found in all types of cool-season turf where conditions are conducive.
    According to university research, it is more likely to occur under snow cover when the soil is not frozen, and begins with the infection of turfgrass leaf tissues by mycelium of Microdochium nivale residing on the plant. Mycelia typically spread under snow cover causing infections that result in patches of blighted leaves, stems or crowns. Spores formed on diseased tissue can promote new infections even after snow cover is not present. The pathogen survives as dormant mycelium in organic matter and in the soil during spring, summer and fall. 
    Typically, the deeper the snow cover and the longer the snow remains on the turf surface, the greater the extent of symptom development and turfgrass injury, according to research at Penn State University. 
    Ideal conditions for the development of pink snow mold include temperatures slightly above freezing at the snow/turf interface when the plant tissue is wet.
    University of Illinois research indicates that disease development occurs rapidly when humidity is high and temperatures are 32 to 46 degrees Fahrenheit, with a maximum of about 55 degrees. Once snow melts and no longer covers the turf, disease activity usually subsides but can become active again if cold, wet, and overcast conditions persist. 
    Symptoms include pink, white or tan patches of matted leaf blades inside an outer ring of copper-colored turf. Patches typically range from 2 inches to 10 inches in diameter, and fluffy white mycelium can sometimes be present around the patches in later winter or early spring during periods of high humidity.

    Research indicates that disease development occurs rapidly when humidity is high and temperatures are 32 to 46 degrees Fahrenheit. Chicago District Golf Association photo On creeping bentgrass greens, streaks of off-colored turf that follow surface drainage patterns might appear during the spring, according to research conducted at Purdue University.
    According to research at Penn State and Illinois, there are several cultural practices that can help minimize the onset of pink snow mold.
    Keep the turf mowed in the autumn until growth stops. Put turf to bed for winter dormancy in a hardened state, not in lush condition. Do not fertilize within about six weeks of the first frost or snow. Remove organic matter and thatch thatch accumulation.  Maintain moderately acidic soil pH — at or slightly below 6.5. There are many chemical options for controlling Microdochium patch, including chlorothalonil as well as DMI and Qol class fungicides.
    Although it is commonly found where snowfall is significant, the disease also can be a problem where snow accumulation is not as much of a concern, says Kowalewski. 
    Much of the Pacific Northwest does not get a great deal of snowfall, but prolonged periods of cool, wet weather there still make for ideal conditions for the pathogen to settle in for an extended period.
    "In Portland, Salem, Seattle and Eugene it doesn't really snow very much," Kowalewski said. "But the fungicide wears off, and we have to make repeated applications about every 21 days through winter and spring."
    Kowalewski says some superintendents in the Northwest relax fungicide applications in December and January when temperatures drop below freezing, when spread of the disease would cease.
    "Those are the risk-takers who do that, because it's too cold," he said. "But there aren't many doing that."
     
  • Following an emergency suspension of all uses of the herbicide dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate (DCPA), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is initiating a voluntary cancellation of registration of the weedkiller that has been in use for more than 60 years.
    First registered in 1958 for control of broadleaf weeds in ornamental turf and row crops, DCPA is the active ingredient in the herbicide Dacthal. The EPA initiated the emergency order in early August in response to years of concerns affecting both end users and others exposed to the chemical.
    Shortly after the EPA announced in early August that it was suspending use of Dacthal, AMVAC Chemical Corp. voluntarily halted sales of the product. The company announced in late August its intention to freely cancel all registration of the product in the U.S. and abroad.
    The EPA contends DCPA poses a threat to applicators and those exposed to it for long periods and is a particular threat to pregnant women and unborn babies.
    Safe use of DCPA had already been a subject of concern for many years when the EPA in 2022 issued a notice of intent to suspend production of technical grade DCPA citing "the registrant's long-standing failure to respond to EPA's request for necessary data" needed for EPA to fully evaluate the risks associated with DCPA.
    "The data requested by EPA relate to the potential effects of DCPA on human thyroid development and function," the EPA said in a June 2022 news release. "If the active ingredient DCPA cannot be manufactured, the production of the formulated product, Dacthal, would stop by default."
    That concern, according to AMVAC, stems from results of a test the company provided to the EPA.

    The emergency suspension was the first time in almost 40 years EPA has taken such an action, following several years of efforts by the agency to require the submission of data that was due in January 2016 and then assess and address the risk this pesticide poses, the agency said. The EPA said it took this action because unborn babies whose pregnant mothers are exposed to DCPA, sometimes without even knowing the exposure has occurred, could experience changes to fetal thyroid hormone levels, and these changes are generally linked to low birth weight, impaired brain development, decreased IQ and impaired motor skills later in life, some of which may be irreversible.
    The company contends that efforts to ban Dacthal are an overreach.
    "It is important to note that EPA's findings are based upon the test results of a single, relatively new study that the Company had provided to the agency over two years ago which showed an effect on fetal rodents at certain dose levels," the company said in a recent news release. "As is typically the case with such studies, the observed effect was extrapolated to indicate a potential effect upon human beings. The suspension order, then, was issued by EPA on the premise of preventing potential harm, rather than in response to an actual, reported harm. The Company had been working with the EPA in good faith for over one year to identify risk mitigation measures that might alleviate concerns and allow continued use of high-benefit use patterns. However, these measures apparently did not give the EPA sufficient certainty at the time. The Company was also discussing with the EPA the potential for completion of additional toxicology and exposure studies that may have alleviated risk concerns, had they been afforded time to proceed. The Company nevertheless thanks EPA for expending time and resources to consider and evaluate the many proposed risk mitigation measures."
    The emergency suspension "prohibits anyone from distributing, selling, shipping or carrying out other similar activities for any pesticide product containing DCPA," according to the EPA. It also means that no person can continue using existing stocks of those products. The EPA and AMVAC are working toward a return program for those who still possess existing stocks of Dacthal.
    "While the company continues to question EPA's conclusions in support of the suspension, we believe that the best course of action is to voluntarily cancel registrations of this product," the company said in the news release. "We are working apace with both state and federal authorities to effect product return and to remove Dacthal from channels of distribution. It is the Company's position that product stewardship be international in scope; thus, we will now proceed to voluntarily cancel all international registrations as well."
  • A new apprenticeship program for aspiring greenkeepers could help golf course managers solve their labor-shortage issues while also streamlining the education process for both employer and employee alike.
    The Greenskeeper II apprenticeship program by Tyler Bloom Consulting is a 4,000-hour training program designed to help put those without a formal turf education on a path toward a career in golf course maintenance. 
    The program provides on-the-job training combined with online instruction delivered through partnerships with university turf programs nationwide.
    The program, which has been years in planning, recently was recognized by the U.S. Department of Labor's Office of Apprenticeship, which establishes nationally recognized standards and standardized training that ensures all candidates, regardless of their background, experience or location will have access to advanced educational resources and opportunities to develop their skills, Bloom said.
    The program also could open the door to providing financial incentives to employers for adopting such a structured educational program.
    "Credit to New York," Bloom said. "New York already offers $5,000 in tax credits to offset education costs."
    A shortage of labor has been an issue for a majority of golf course superintendents in recent years, according to industry reports.
    Curriculum includes irrigation, pest management, fertility and cultural practices, and all who are admitted to the program must attain their respective state's pesticide applicator's license upon its conclusion.
    The formal structure of a federally recognized program leads to its attractiveness, compared with a standard on-site training program, Bloom said.
    "It provides confidence for the employee that the employer is committed to advancing them and their career," Bloom said. "With on-the-job training there is some structure, but with this formal program, now it's real. Once they are enrolled in such a program it becomes real for the candidate."

    A new apprenticeship program for the golf industry is recognized by the U.S. Department of Labor. Photo by John Reitman The program has been in the planning process for at least four years, but has been in overdrive for the past year. Several superintendents associations, Bloom said, already have reached out to express interest.
    "Standardized training ensures that all candidates, regardless of their background or prior experience, have access to the advanced educational resources and opportunities for skill development, creating a level playing field for all applicants," said Bloom. "They'll also have networking opportunities designed to help candidates from diverse backgrounds connect with individuals who can offer guidance, support, and career opportunities."
    Bloom also believes the program will lead to increased employee retention.
    "From the jobseeker standpoint, it puts skin in the game," Bloom said. "You know the employer has committed to this kind of program."
    The federally recognized program mirrors to a degree a program Bloom developed when superintendent at Sparrows Point in Maryland from 2014-20.
    "This program is not just for elite clubs," he said. "Based on the program I set up at Sparrows Point, "The local daily fee club will find as much value if not more."
  • In more than 50 years as a golf course superintendent, Dick Gray never was at a loss for words. Even in retirement, he still finds it difficult to hold his tongue on some issues. So it should have come as no surprise that during what should have been a simple "how ya doin?" phone conversation went off the rails into a rant on a hot button issue for superintendents: "unfair" pin placements.
    Green speeds (too slow or too fast), fairways that do not produce enough roll, cart path-only days and greens aerification all are among the many things that get under golfers' skin.
    Of all the complaints golfers lodge — and there are a lot of them — the one grievance that should make any superintendent bristle is anything about unfair pin placements. 
    Just the word unfair implies that the prevailing conditions give one player a competitive advantage over another. Since every golfer plays the same conditions, is anything about the location of a hole really "unfair?" Maybe poorly placed, or not well thought out. But unfair? 

    When it comes to pin locations, retired superintendent Dick Gray says there might be bad ones, or even dumb ones, but he stopped short of labeling them as unfair. File photo Superintendents seek out pin locations that are challenging, fair and offer variety. There are unwritten rules about where and where not to cut a cup. Typically, a cup should be cut in an area that has a 3-foot radius of flat space in every direction. 
    Still, there are times when pin placements make headlines for all the wrong reasons. 
    Third round scores of the NCAA Women's Division III championship were tossed last year when a pin location on the par-4 sixth hole on the El Campeon Course at the Mission Inn and Resort in central Florida was ruled unplayable. Then there was the 2022 girls 3A state championship tournament in Iowa when a sloped pin placement resulted in an average score of quadruple bogey on the finishing hole of River Valley Golf Course in Adel.
    The latter example was bad enough that it prompted tour pro Billy Horschel to rant on social media that whoever set up the 18th hole should be banned from setting up tournaments in the future.
    Although every pin placement might not necessarily be a good one, Gray, whose wife died of cancer in 2020 at age 58, says the term unfair is a stretch and denotes something far more negative and permanent than a four-putt on the 10th green.
    "Wait a minute. What are we talking about here?" he said. "Unfair? Life is unfair. Cancer is unfair. A heart attack is unfair. Pin placements are not unfair. There might be stupid ones, or dumb ones. But there aren't unfair pin placements." 

    PGA Golf Club in Port St. Lucie, Florida, was a four-course property when Dick Gray oversaw four renovations in four years. File photo Whether the stakes are a Nassau during a friendly foursome, bragging rights at the club championship or the $25 million winner's share at the Tour Championship, golf at the end of the day is still a game.
    And no one wants to listen to someone complain while playing a game. Likewise, it is difficult to have empathy for professionals with out-of-this-world athletic ability bemoan playing conditions on the way to a seven-figure payout.
    The 2016 TurfNet Superintendent of the Year while at PGA Golf Club in Port St. Lucie, Florida, Gray had a successful career at many of South Florida's best club's, including Loblolly Pines, Sailfish Point and Jupiter Hills. He also was the construction superintendent and architect of record at the Florida Club in Stuart. While at PGA Golf Club, then a four-course property, he managed four renovations over four years. Clearly, he knows a thing or two about where a cup should be cut and where one should not, even if his former employers thought otherwise. 
    He recalled many a green committee meeting throughout his career where unfair pin placements were a topic of discussion. His response was to remind pe
    "I told them that hole wasn't unfair, it was just beyond their playing ability," Gray said. "There is no such thing as an unfair pin location."
    His message to golfers: "Remember, it's just a game."
  • With temperatures topping the 90-degree mark on at least 10 occasions in June, summer arrived in central Indiana with vengeance this year. Two months later, as summer winds down and the end of the 100 days of hell comes into view, disease pressure on cool-season grasses also is on the wane. 
    The turfgrass team at Purdue has a digital turf tip and resource tool to help identify and manage common diseases in cool-season turfgrass 
    According to the National Weather Service, the average daytime high in central Indiana in August was 83 degrees, 3 degrees cooler than in June. Those falling temperatures (both daytime and overnight), fewer consecutive days of unseasonably hot weather and days that grow shorter with each flip of the page of the calendar mean less heat stress and disease pressure on cool-season grass, writes Purdue University professor Lee Miller, Ph.D., in promoting this new online tool for managing common diseases in cool-season turfgrass. Seasonal shifts in weather also mean that much of the turf that has been affected by heat stress and disease should, by now, be well on its way to recovery, if not fully healed, wrote Miller.

    Purdue professor Lee Miller, Ph.D., on the school's turfgrass research plots. Purdue University photo For example, brown patch was a common issue in the Midwest throughout June and July as the mercury in the thermometer rose. But that disease is almost a non-factor now heading into what is a much cooler September.
    A new resource from Purdue provides tips for managing brown patch and nine other common diseases found in cool-season turfgrass. The 14-page guide, one of many online tools available for turfgrass managers from Purdue, provides information on leaf blight, brown patch, gray leaf spot, pink snow mold, Pythium blight, red thread, rust, dollar spot and summer patch in cool-season grasses, including Kentucky bluegrass, tall fescue, fine fescue and perennial ryegrass.
    The document includes the time of year when each turf species is susceptible to each disease, symptoms, treatment and what recovery looks like.
    The new guide is just one of many online tools available, including those on turf establishment, weed control, disease reports and control, insect control, as well as tools and calculators to determine fertilization needs, predict disease outbreaks, turf identification, sand and seed calculator and turfgrass selection. Purdue also released earlier this year its updated weed identification and control guide.
  • Brandt is making supply chain updates throughout the next year. Brandt photo Brandt is making changes to its supply chain function as well as structural updates in its Specialty Formulations group.
    With global headquarters in Tampa, Florida, Brandt is a manufacturer of specialty fertility products for end users in the turf and agricultural markets. The company's turf line includes products under the Brandt Turf Solutions, iHammer and Grigg labels. 
    The goal of the supply chain function is to provide more coordinated management of these critical areas, delivering scale efficiencies and increased quality. To that end, Brent Wallner (above right) will be in charge of coordination of the company's dealer support, specialty formulations purchasing, logistics and production as vice president of supply chain.
    "Getting Brent in place is just the first step," said Rick Brandt, president and chief executive officer. 
    Supply chain changes will continue to be implemented through the next calendar year.
    Brandt also made structural changes to its specialty formulations group with the appointment of Matthew Ingram (right, below) as the division vice president of sales and supply chain function. He will take over for John Guglielmi, who has accepted a role with Dowdy Crop Innovations, which provides solutions for row crop growers.
    Ingram will work with Brandt executive vice president Bill Engel as the latter transitions from his role as head of the specialty formulations sector, and together will work to develop a sales strategy for the specialty unit.
    "Matt is bringing new energy and new ideas to our specialty formulations business," Brandt said. "We have one of the best specialty plant nutrition portfolios in the world. But Matt is already thinking about how we integrate those products into solutions with our planter box technologies and additional products."
  • Since the moment he first stepped foot on a golf course more than 20 years ago for a summer job, Kevin Mercer knew he had found his life's calling in turf and landscape management.
    Two decades and many jobs later, Mercer wants to give back to the industry that has given him so much.
    Now the grounds manager at Denison University in Granville, Ohio, Mercer has penned a book on his life's work that he hopes will help his colleagues become better turf managers.
    Titled "Environmental Solutions For Grounds Management" the book is scheduled to be released Sept. 2.
    "This book was intended to help the grounds manager, golf course superintendent and sports turf manager to help them with today's environmental impacts without changes or altering their grounds maintenance program," Mercer said in the foreword. "I wanted to help the green industry tackle today's environmental challenges head-on."
    The book includes chapters titled stormwater management, biodiversity habitat and carbon fertility and composting.
    The chapter on stormwater management includes industry lingo and definitions, information on the country's 18 major river basins, practical solutions for reducing stormwater runoff and managing nutrients, why buffer strips are important and how to create them.
    The author discusses the importance of pollinators and creating habitat for them and other beneficial species in chapter 3. That section includes a bee identification guide, a list of beneficial insects, installing bat and bird houses and minimizing pesticide use through mechanical weed control.
    The book, which will be available through traditional outlets including Amazon and Barnes & Noble and through Mercer's web site, concludes with innovative approaches to soil amendments and composting in Chapter 4. The section includes information on the benefits of composting, vermicomposting and compost tea and how to get started with each.
    Mercer's school-of-hard knocks career in turf began when he was in high school working summers on a nine-hole layout in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. After studying landscape design at Montgomery County College in Rockville, Maryland, he worked from 2000 to 2004 as the assistant superintendent at the golf course at Andrews Air Force Base in Maryland.

    Kevin Mercer, left, and his team at Denison University celebrate recognition of their achievements at a recent awards ceremony. Denison University photo Since then, he has been the grounds manager at a handful of colleges, including Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, New York. He also was an instructor at the College of Southern Maryland, where he taught classes in sports turf management, principles of turfgrass management and environmental landscaping.
    He has been the grounds and landscape manager at Denison in Ohio since 2017 and also is the owner of his own company — Grounds Management Environmental Solutions — through which he teaches grounds maintenance and team-building, morale, increased productivity and job satisfaction through a series of workshops. 
    At Denison he is responsible for managing all campus grounds and works with other departments, including athletic field work.
    In 2022, Mercer was named the winner of the Professional Grounds Management Society's Special Award of Distinguished Service, while his team won the Grand Award — the society's most prestigious award — in the small college category.
    "I do not have a Ph.D., master’s or even a bachelor’s degree," Mercer wrote, "I have something far more worthy, which is over 30 years of failures and successes in the grounds maintenance profession."
  • More than 200 people gathered in the spring at the University of Tennessee to learn more about the science of developing playing surfaces for multiple stadiums and practice fields in three North American cities for the 2026 World Cup. University of Tennessee photo Imagine taking over a vacant parking lot to grow sod for a major golf tournament being held nearby for the purpose of matching growing conditions and reducing transportation costs.
    Sounds crazy, but that could be happening in the world of sports turf when the FIFA World Cup comes to North America in two years. In fact, staging the 2026 event on multiple sites in the U.S., Canada and Mexico could have profound effects on turfgrass research in the U.S. might never be the same, and that is what scientists at Tennessee and Michigan State are hoping for.
    Earlier this year, a delegation from soccer's ruling body in Zurich, Switzerland, made its way to Knoxville for the FIFA Pitch Research Field Day. The event was a gathering of more than 250 turf managers and others who will be involved in the event to be held at multiple sites in three countries in 2026. The purpose of their visit was to learn more about the research being conducted to provide consistent playing surfaces at 16 host stadiums, 84 training sites and 178 practice fields throughout the U.S., Canada and Mexico for 48 teams from around the world.
    "The importance of the perfect pitch cannot be overstated," said Heimo Schirgi in a video released by FIFA. 
    "This is a symbol of the quality of the tournament. So this is of the highest importance for all of us."

    Trey Rogers, Ph.D., (left) of Michigan State and John Sorochan, Ph.D. (second from left) of the University of Tennessee meet with FIFA officials during a spring field day in Knoxville. University of Tennessee photo Just like golf course superintendents are expected to produce the highest quality playing conditions possible, sports turf managers are expected to do the same for a global event like the World Cup, where play will span four time zones and numerous growing regions.
    The challenge that lies ahead for scientists at Tennessee and Michigan State is providing surfaces that will perform in an identical manner in Toronto and Boston as it does in Los Angeles, Miami and Mexico City.
    UT turfgrass professor John Sorochan, Ph.D., and Trey Rogers, Ph.D., of Michigan State have been assigned the responsibility of taking this plan from the drawing board to the playing field, and they are keenly aware of the significance of what lies ahead for the world of turfgrass research.
    "Sharing our evidence-based research with end users for the World Cup 2026 and others from around the world means everything to me," Sorochan said in the FIFA statement. "Knowing that half of the world is watching something you have been a part of — it's hard to imagine the emotion that I'm going to feel."

    An indoor growing facility was designed to replicate the conditions inside a domed stadium. Univ. of Tennessee photo Success will depend upon the ability to produce vast amounts of sod in rapid fashion on multiple sites around the country to make getting sod where it is needed as efficient a task as possible.
    To conduct that research, UT has built a shade house at the university's East Tennessee Research and Education Center to duplicate conditions they will encounter in domed stadiums during the Cup.
    "You know, the ability to produce a harvestable sod in as much as 16 to 20 weeks is paramount," Sorochan said in the FIFA release. "We can do something really fast, and we can also cut down on trucking costs, too. In theory, we could probably do this closer to urban areas and take up a large, vacated parking lot and actually grow the sod close to the stadiums, so you reduce transport costs as well."
    Rogers and Sorochan have worked together on many previous projects, including pitch development for the 1994 World Cup that was played in 14 U.S. cities.
    "If you can perfect this, which is what we are doing, this is our whole idea, you push turfgrass science forward," Rogers said in the statement. "You increase sustainability, you increase every part of the ability of the turf manager to be able to host multi-events in multi-use stadiums. It opens up every avenue, and it's the main reason that, for me, I got involved in this project."
  • The phrase "the more things change, the more they stay the same" might seem like an odd way to describe golf course restoration, but it could just be true in the case of historic East Lake Golf Club.
    As the PGA's season-ending Tour Championship tees off this week in Atlanta, the new version of East Lake might be something more like what Bobby Jones would recognize when he was club president in 1946-47.
    The recent Andrew Green-led restoration relied heavily on previously unknown aerial photography from 1949.
    According to the club, the photo revealed what the course looked like after Donald Ross renovated the original layout in 1913.
    Green is the architect of record of other well known restorations, including Inverness Club in Toledo, Ohio; Scioto Country Club in Columbus; Oak Hill Country Club in Rochester, New York; and Congressional Country Club in Bethesda, Maryland.
    The new East Lake celebrates the historic past of the club that Jones called home nearly a century ago, and continues to embrace the future and the role the property plays in holding up the East Lake neighborhood.
    The overall length of the course has not changed much, stretching out to 7,455 yards from the back tees, which is only about 100 yards longer than before the renovation, but the previous par-70 layout will now play as a par-71 after the par-4 14th hole will now play as a par-5.
    New tees also were added to accommodate members of differing skill levels.
    Putting surfaces all have been completely rebuilt and are larger than before, offering more pinnable locations. In some cases, the greens are substantially larger. For example, the No. 2 green is about 50 percent larger than it was previously, expanding by nearly 3,000 square feet to about 9,000 square feet.
    All greens were redesigned with many distinct capes and bays that were patterned after those found in period photography. Those putting surfaces also have been regrassed, with Green replacing the Mini Verde that had been in place since a Rees Jones renovation in 2008 with TifEagle ultradwarf Bermudagrass. Green says the TifEagle-covered greens are firmer and faster than the Mini Verde predecessors and will roll at 13 for the championship.
    Green also replaced the old Meyer Zoysiagrass in the fairways with the newer Zorro Zoysiagrass that he says plays firmer and will provide more roll for golfers.
    "We really wanted to try to get the player to feel like they're playing more over the natural ground," Green said in a news conference unveiling the changes. "And that meant that we shaped or reshaped fairways to be more natural."

    Architect Andrew Green relied upon recently discovered aerial photography to restore historic East Lake Golf Club in Atlanta, annual site of the Tour Championship. PGA Tour photo Golfers will get a taste of Green's work right away, on the first hole, a 510-yard par-4
    Bunkers along the par-4 17th fairway were removed and replaced with a trench-style bunker that splits the fairway. The fairway-bisecting bunker was part of the original Ross design and was thought to have been lost around 1950.
    The par-4 No. 8 hole has been shortened by 40 yards to 390 yards and could be reachable off the tee for some. The fairway winds around the shoreline of East Lake, but a bunker complex short and left of the green will penalize those who come up short of attacking the green off the tee.
    "We wanted to make sure we created extra opportunities for exciting golf," Green said.
    The club's namesake lake on No. 18 was expanded out to the left side to bring it more into play, and a stream between No. 6 and No. 7 was reclaimed and native habitat restored in that area.
    Rebuilding bunkers also was a key part of the project, with Green moving fairway bunkers to squeeze landing areas at varying distances. Greenside bunkers are positioned to improve aesthetic appeal, interest and contrast around putting surfaces. Many of the bunkers throughout the project were based on the original Ross bunkers uncovered in the 1949 aerial photography.
    The Tour Championship begins Aug. 29.
  • Not many lawns or golf courses in Wisconsin require mowing throughout the winter. On the other hand, there are plenty of opportunities for would-be greenkeepers to stay busy during the offseason on golf courses in the southern hemisphere.
    Since 2019, Envoy Golf, a placement firm based in Sydney, Australia, has helped bring golf course maintenance workers from north of the equator to golf courses in Australia and New Zealand for the growing season in the southern hemisphere.
    Nolan Ruffing, 23, is a 2023 graduate of the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, where he majored in marketing. Today, Ruffing (right) moonlights as a part-time greenkeeper while also operating a landscape and lawn care business he owns in the Milwaukee area. A lifelong golfer, he is in the process of transitioning from  a part-time gig at Milwaukee Country Club to new employment at Sand Valley Golf Resort. 
    While those jobs keep him busy during the summer in Wisconsin, Envoy gave him a chance to work through the winter months while experiencing another part of the world. He worked six months at Metropolitan Golf Club near Melbourne, and stayed a seventh month to tour the rest of Australia and New Zealand.
    "I'm a big believer in their mission and what they offer greenkeepers in the northern hemisphere," Ruffing said.
    "I have a landscaping business. I do it myself, and I've built a really good book of business, but I wanted a winter job, too. I love to travel and always wanted to live internationally."

    Envoy Golf of Sydney, Australia, places greenkeepers from north of the Equator at golf courses in Australia and New Zealand on a temporary basis like Metropolitan Golf Club near Melbourne. All photos courtesy of Nolan Ruffing The experience was so impactful he created a blog detailing the trip.
    Started in 2019 by Ellington Savage search firm founders Mark Matehaere and Paul Hannaford, Envoy was established to connect skilled workers with "the needs in the golf industry," according to the company's website. 
    Interview requests to Envoy's management team went unanswered, but according to its website, the company specializes in finding temporary positions for greenkeepers, as well as jobs in hospitality and an executive search division. 
    Envoy connects job seekers in Europe and North America with employers in Australia and New Zealand through a series of Zoom interviews, and schedules travel once a connection is made. For greenkeepers, there is no charge for Envoy's services, but applicants must cover expenses for a work visa, travel and housing, though Ruffing said many of the clubs in the program can help set up housing for seasonal workers, like Metropolitan did for him and his housemates.
    Ruffing was one of eight temporary workers from abroad spending the winter at Metropolitan. He did not get rich earning the equivalent of $20 U.S. per hour with overtime available, but he and three roommates from Canada and Sweden paid just $650 each per month for a four-bedroom house they shared.
    Although the opportunity to work during the Australian summer provided a chance for Ruffing to work year-round, the real payoff was experiencing new cultures and meeting people from other parts of the world.
    "This really came from a desire to push myself out of my comfort zone," Ruffing said. "I have a passion for golf and travel, and I forced myself to expand my horizons. I Googled 'international golf experience' and Envoy was what came up."

    Nolan Ruffing says there are many differences between working on a golf course in Australia and one in Wisconsin. There was some trepidation as the date for departure to Australia drew near.
    "On the way to the airport I thought: 'What am I doing? Am I really going halfway across the world with no connections?' " he said. "But those kinds of experiences shape who you are though. That's the way I look at it.
    "I had to make myself uncomfortable and learn things about myself that I didn't know before."
    He also learned a few things about turf management that he did not know before. He was able to work on turf species not found on golf courses in Wisconsin and how waste areas can take the place of rough turf.

    After completing his obligation in Australia, Nolan Ruffing took time to see the sights in New Zealand before returning home to Wisconsin. "The style of golf and operational culture is very different there," he said. "Learning about their work culture was different."
    Envoy's ability to bring workers from around the globe to New Zealand and Australia were stifled in 2020-21 by Covid restrictions, but the company, part of the much larger Ellington Savage firm that was founded in 1993, has flourished since lockdowns and restraints on travel were lifted. In fact, Ruffing plans to use the Envoy service again to find a temporary gig, probably in New Zealand this time.
    "It was a life-changing experience," he said. "I believe in their mission and their message, and I want other people to be able to experience the same thing I did."

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