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From the TurfNet NewsDesk

  • John Reitman
    Chalk one up in the win column for turf management professionals and responsible integrated pest management programs.   In response to pleas by concerned parents to ban a handful of pesticides used to control weeds on school grounds, athletic fields and parks, an Oregon school district sided with its IPM program and the university data used to develop it.   The West Linn-Wilsonville School District, in the face of stiff objections by parents, decided during a June 11 school board meeting against banning the use glyphosate, dicamba and 2, 4-D.   Tim Woodley, director of operations for the school board, told parents that the district developed its IPM program based on a list of low-impact pesticides, which includes herbicides for weeds and insecticides for insect pests.    Parents advocating for a ban of these pesticides spoke in favor of alternative pest-control methods that include live-trapping rodents, relocating hives, hand-pulling weeds and using steam weeding machines. Organic pesticides only are to be used as a last resort, according to that plan.   Woodley told parents and an advocacy group known as Non Toxic Wilsonville, that the district's goal is minimal use of pesticides and that the university's list of approved chemistries helped the district develop an IPM program that is appropriate for schools. The district says it has reduced synthetic pesticide use by more than 80 percent since adopting its current IPM strategy.    Non Toxic Wilsonville made similar requests to Wilsonville City Council during a council meeting June 4. But Wilsonville City Manager Bryan Cosgrove said the city also uses minimal amounts of pesticides in its parks and natural areas. You might or might not recall that former golf course superintendent and OSU research assistant Tod Blankenship, CGCS, is the parks supervisor for the City of Wilsonville.    That IPM program includes more than just what to apply. It includes when to apply it. For example, the plan prohibits spraying in windy conditions (5 mph or more).   Although the district has sided with science, the battle is far from over. Parents and those representing Non Toxic Wilsonville who are concerned with exposing children to potential carcinogens, vow to keep up the fight.
  • Millennials aren't playing golf. Neither are minorities. And women are leaving the game in droves.
      Nothing is absolute, but these are some generalities we've learned to rely on in the past dozen years since golf course closings began to outnumber openings on a regular basis. 2006 marked the first time since the World War II era that more golf courses closed than opened. Since then, there has been a net reduction of about 1,300 18-hole equivalents.   Ask anyone in golf what they want most and the answers are pretty standard: more golfers and more rounds.   But is your concern founded?   Data show that some types of golf courses are more likely than others to become an industry statistics.   Rounds played in 2017 dropped from 460.8 million in 2016 to 447.4 million. Rounds have dropped steadily since 2000, when the game's all-time high mark was 518.4 million rounds played.    Leading up to the drop in rounds played is a slow leak in the number of golfers. The number of players in the market dropped by 150,000 in 2016 to about 21 million, the latest figures available.   In the early 1960s, there were 5,600 golf courses nationwide, and that number swelled to nearly 8,500 by 1970. In those days, there were only about 900 golfers per course. Today, there are about 13,500 golf courses with 1,300 players per course.   It's clear that something has to give. But what? Or, more accurately, who?   According to Stuart Lindsay of Edgehill Consulting, only 2 percent of member-equity clubs have closed since the wheels fell off the golf industry cart in 2006. Military golf course have had it worse - much worse - with 17 percent of the government's golf portfolio closing their doors in the past dozen years. In the middle were municipal (7 percent have closed) and privately owned facilities (14 percent), according to Lindsay.   Men comprise the largest single demographic, with 15.4 million players, and their numbers increased by a modest 1.6 percent in 2016. Women, on the other hand, make up just 26 percent of the golf market. And although they are an audience many golf course operators are trying to woo, they left the game in 2016 at a rate of 6.6 percent, more than offsetting any gains made by men.   Juniors and millennials are dropping out in huge numbers. In 2016, the number of juniors playing golf dropped by 9 percent, while those aged 18-34 were down by 4.5 percent.   Baby boomers, particularly male baby boomers, continue to be the game's bread and butter, a trend that eventually will reverse for a generation in decline. Millennials overtook baby boomers as the country's largest generation in 2015. As the baby boomer generation's numbers continue to decline, they will be surpassed by Generation X in about another decade.   He suggests that unless millennials and those at the upper end of Generation X miraculously start to pick up the game, the pressure will intensify for privately owned facilities, municipal course and military facilities. And what about the future for private, member-equity clubs?   It's a slow leak, but it's a leak nonetheless.
  • Two years removed since making one of the biggest decisions of his life, Bryan Bergner is more content than ever.

    In 2016, Bergner left his job as head superintendent at Westmoor Country Club in Milwaukee, trading his role on the golf course for that of a stay-at-home father so his wife could focus on her law career."

    "It's not something I planned for," Bergner said. "But it's the best decision I've ever made."

    In the years leading up to that decision, Bergner and wife Danielle were focused on their respective careers, he as head superintendent at Westmoor and Danielle as one of Milwaukee's up-and-coming commercial real estate attorneys.

    That combination left little time for anything else.
      "I would leave for work at 3 or 4 in the morning and be home at 2-ish. My wife would leave at 8 in the morning and not get home until 8 or 9 at night," said Bergner, now 46. "We were two ships passing, and our son was in the middle of it.   "Miles was just a couple of years old in September 2011 when I took over for a man who had been superintendent at Westmoor for 37 years. I felt like I had to show myself off those first two years and put my mark on Westmoor. I worked all the time, and that caused a rift in the family dynamic.   "I had been trying to be a superintendent for so long. It was all about me. My job was the most important thing to me."   Things had gotten so bad that the Bergners had separated and a divorce was looming.   "We were incredibly close to signing those papers," he said.    "I had moved out into a rental property we have at the beginning of the golf season. Our son was young enough that he didn't pick up on what was happening. I wouldn't wish that upon anybody. It was pure hell."   By many accounts, Danielle Bergner is one of Milwaukee's top commercial real estate attorneys. She is a managing partner at Michael Best & Friederich.   In May, she was named one of Milwaukee's Women of Influence by the Milwaukee Business Journal, and last year, she was recognized as an advocate and volunteer for change with a Philanthropic Five Award by the United Way.   Obviously, her career was not going to change.   "There was no way it was going to be my wife stepping away from her career," Bergner said. "I was paid well, but I wasn't going anywhere. She, on the other hand, had a tremendous amount of upward mobility."   Being a stay-at-home parent allows Bergner to focus on couple's son. That includes driving to and from school each day, volunteering for school activities, coaching Miles' basketball team and providing the security that comes with knowing a member of the nuclear family is raising their 8-year-old.   "I volunteer for recess and lunch duty three times a week and volunteer at school functions," he said. "Before, there was no way in hell I could do that. I'm using the same intensity I had at the golf course and using it at school now."  
    I wouldn't wish that upon anybody. It was pure hell."
     
    The move also helped his wife in her career.   "Because of her position, she needed the reins off so she could make more connections. I was holding her back," he said.    "As soon as I stepped away, I was able to take care of everything. Her stress level dropped and her career has really taken off."   The time away from Westmoor has provided ample opportunity for self-reflection. He was a member of the search committee that hired his replacement - eventually settling on his assistant, Patrick Reuteman.   During Bergner's tenure there, the course installed new irrigation, a new pump station and all new greens.   "I had everything. I was at the peak of my career, but I was selfish," he said.   "I utilized every bit of technology to help me be away, but mentally I couldn't do it. I went to yoga four times a week, and it didn't help.   "I had a great crew, and looking back I should have trusted them more. They're all still there. I could have left for a month, and they wouldn't have missed a beat. I expected them to know what I was thinking. I expected them to be an extension of me. That's not how anyone works. Patrick has a better handle on that."   Will he ever return to the golf course?   "I get that a lot," Bergner said. "I had everything there. I don't think I'd ever want to claw my way back up.    "I was just out there the other day. Everything looks great, but when I was leaving, I said to myself, "geez, I'm glad I don't have to be here every day."
  • As a branch off the Dick Gray tree of personnel management, John Cunningham recognizes the importance of an engaged and inspired team of employees.    He knew it as a superintendent at Martin Downs and Black Diamond Ranch, both in Florida, the Four Seasons in Irving, Texas and Bellerive Country Club in St. Louis where he eventually was both head greenkeeper and assistant general manager. As the general manager at Aronimink Golf Club near Philadelphia, Cunningham spends more time than ever trying to attract quality employees and trying to keep it.   "People are interested in learning and getting better. I have to put my superintendent hat on for a minute. I go to classes and learn there. It's no different in the role I am in now," Cunningham said. "A lot of what we do is leadership, mentoring and coaching.   "The selection process is unbelievably important."   As a former superintendent, Cunningham knows full well how difficult it is to attract and retain employees. Americans don't want to do the work, and it is increasingly difficult to get seasonal help from the guest worker pool. His managers throughout the rest of the operation experience similar challenges.   "It's here, it's there, it's everywhere: bag drop, porter, valet, golf operations," he said. "Try finding someone who can park luxury vehicles at night. How do you find that one?"   Cunningham also knows how important it is to stay in constant communication with staff and members. Addressing expectations and providing performance-based feedback feeds employees, and keeping members updated on course conditions and projects helps keep golfers happy.   As Aronimink's GM, he still keeps in touch with members, and most of his messages once aimed at assistant superintendents and hourly employees now are targeted toward his management team.   "What if we're getting 70 percent out of our team? What if we can get 85 percent? How do we do that?" Cunningham said.   "On the golf course, superintendents are good at writing standards to maximize member experience, which is what we are always preaching. Member experience is why we are all here."   Some of the recent communiques Cunningham has shared with his staff include "Create a growth culture, not a performance-obsessed one" and "How to stay ahead of customer expectations in the club industry".   According to the latter, high standards must be teachable, domain specific, recognizable and realistic.   For a growth culture to take hold, a workplace must be safe, must foster learning and experimenting and provide feedback.   "You have to nurture and take care of them. How do you do that and push them to be better? Too much challenge without reassurance overwhelms us. Too little challenge and too much time in their comfort zone, then there is no growth," Cunningham said. "That's the delicate balance.   "Surveys show money is not the No. 1 motivating factor for employees. It's up there, but it's not No. 1. If someone trusts you, you can challenge them and they'll respond. If they don't trust you, it's going to be tough for you to challenge them."  
  • When Scott Yates took over as director of operations at West Orange Country Club more than a decade ago, he faced an impossible task.   Thanks to a falling out between construction and club officials during a greens renovation project, work on the putting surfaces was never completed. Every green on the golf course was surrounded by a trench that captured water and prevented golfers from running their ball up to the cup.   "It was the craziest thing I'd ever seen. You had to chip the ball over that trench," Yates said. "And they wanted me to sell private club memberships with that."   That's when Yates reconnected with a friend from his childhood who also had spent most of his life in the golf business.   In more than three decades in the golf business, Mark Sauger has done just about everything: aspiring tour pro, superintendent, instructor, golf course builder and shaper.   "There's not a job in the golf industry that I have not done at one time or another," said Sauger, 48.     The son of golf pro and course owner Regis Sauger, Mark Sauger has won numerous amateur tournaments in his native Michigan. He has been driving a tractor and moving dirt on golf courses since he was a teenager and has construction experience on more than a dozen courses in at least five states. Shaping the terrain, fixing the mistakes of others and consulting on ways to save and redirect resources is his passion, and he's pretty good at it, Yates said.   "He stripped off the turf, filled in the material and blended it in to where you couldn't tell the difference," Yates said. "He was a magician on that tractor. He saved our greens.    "It's one thing to build a green. It's another to fix someone else's mistake and make it look like it never happened."   Sauger's eye for design work is only part of the niche he is trying to carve out in the golf business. He also consults financially distressed courses. The entirety of his passion is to help owners and operators make the most of their investment.     "The last 10 years or so, I've seen the industry take a huge hit," Sauger said. "Courses usually close for one of two reasons, they were built to sell real estate and they've been mismanaged, or the owners or management companies are overwhelmed.   "I try to help them find what options they have to keep the doors open, even if it's for a future buyer."   Often, he said, courses have underperforming assets that can be sold to help infuse cash into the operation.   Sauger says his wide breadth of experience in the industry is unique.   "I'm trying to offer the industry something different," Sauger said. "I'm not just a shaper. I'm one of few who has been a shaper and a golf pro. When I create something, I'm thinking of mowing and playing it. It's not just a piece of dirt."   Yates, now at Big Cypress Golf Club in Lakeland, Florida, is a believer.   Three years after fixing the greens at West Orange, Sauger returned to build a new practice green.   "His creativity in moving dirt and understanding of drainage and what it takes to build a green; he's a genius," said Yates. "A hump here, a hump there; he did an awesome job."  
  • So, you implemented your PGR program this year like every other year, but you got annual bluegrass seed head production anyway.   Don't worry. You're not alone and there's nothing wrong with your chemistry. Chances are, say researchers at Michigan State, your timing probably was off.   Efforts to suppress seedheads at the Hancock Turfgrass Research Center in East Lansing were  unsuccessful and, according to reports, superintendents at golf courses throughout Michigan also struggled this year, according to Kevin Frank, Ph.D., associate professor at MSU, and research assistant Aaron Hathaway.   Researchers at MSU applied different combinations of plant growth regulators using the Proxy/Primo GDD timer within the application window of March 30-May 1 based on 200 and 500 GDDs base 32 degrees Fahrenheit, available at GDD Tracker.   First applications were made April 25. The result was some seedhead suppression, however, more than 10 percent of the surface area was covered with seedheads. They waited for the end of the application window because the long, cold spring delayed mowing until late April.   Many in Michigan experienced the same process by waiting for growth before making the first application. In 2017, the application window using the same GDD model ended April 10.   It's difficult to know exactly why many seedhead suppression efforts failed this year. However, here are a few thoughts.   Seedhead production in annual bluegrass can be affected by many factors. MSU researchers use a GDD model that only accounts for the accumulation of heat units. There may be other climatic factors that affect the timing of peak seedhead flush that aren't being measured. Likewise, annual bluegrass is biologically diverse, so seedhead production can vary greatly.   Some research suggests that a PGR application must be timed before a seedhead emerges from the plant. The model is designed to signal application timing before emergence. Seedheads may emerge and not be easily viewed without some hands-on investigation of plants, so investigate. Look closely for emergence in south-facing slopes or other areas that might heat up faster than others. These observations can help fine-tune your application even within the window given by GDD models. In the end, apply early rather than late. Once seedhead emergence begins, it is too late.   Start Proxy plus Primo applications in late fall. If you are spending the time and money in spring to control seedheads, the researchers said, add a fall-timed application for a little insurance. These applications followed by GDD-timed Proxy plus Primo applications in spring have proven to consistently provide better seedhead suppression than spring applications alone.  
  • Reality TV has nothing on the golf business.   When Brooks Koepka walked off the 18th green Sunday, he brought the unnecessary drama at the 118th U.S. Open to a merciful end. So what if Tony Finau and Daniel Berger were still on the course? The book closed on this year's Open the moment Finau's tee shot on No. 18 went astray.   For the record, I have no problem with the way Shinnecock Hills played. You play the course that lays out before you. That's the nature of golf, whether you're putting for $5 or $1 million.   The issue here is conflicting messaging at every turn surrounding this year's Open and the failure of the USGA to consistently recognize the greatest asset at its disposal during its biggest event of the year - the golf course superintendent.   From off-color greens, to tricky pin placements, to a boorish and tiresome New York gallery to one of the game's biggest names making a mockery of the rules for his own benefit - and the chatter that accompanied each - the end to this sideshow, that at times was more like something on TruTV than Fox Sports, couldn't come soon enough.   We have come to accept certain things about professional tour golf, especially USGA championships, namely lightning-fast putting conditions in which greens sometimes are pushed to the brink of failure and really long grass off the fairways.    Was it necessary to push Shinnecock's putting surfaces to the point where calling them "greens" was a misrepresentation of the facts? Regardless of your feelings on how Shinnecock's putting surfaces played, they looked awful and that fed into what the media wanted - a controversial storyline that dominated the weekend.   It's hard not to empathize with Shinnecock's members, as well as superintendent Jon Jennings and his crew, all of whom have invested a tremendous amount of blood, sweat, tears, time and money into preparing for this event, only to have the USGA foul it up. They turned over a perfect golf course to the USGA, which turned around and gave the world what looked on HDTV to be the second coming of the 2004 U.S. Open, when then-superintendent Mark Michaud's team was dragging hoses between Sunday pairings to keep the greens alive.   Shame on the USGA for again wresting control away from a great superintendent, and pretending to know more than the man who eats, sleeps and lives conditions at Shinnecock 365 days a year and proving that you don't by creating a needless subplot about course conditions during the biggest event on your calendar.    What a joke.   The Golf Channel's Brad Klein was on site all week, and said repeatedly that course conditions held up despite how they looked on television. Klein has built a golf course, consulted on others and knows more about golf course architecture than most, so his word is good enough for us.   Not everyone who spent the week at Shinnecock felt the same way.   After Sunday's final round, the Golf Channel's Rich Lerner called Saturday's proceedings "an embarrassment," and Zach Johnson went on record Saturday saying the USGA had "lost" the golf course, Ian Poulter tweeted that perhaps Bozo the Clown was responsible for set-up and the Washington Post called the tournament "carnival golf."   Spanish tour pro Rafael Cabrera-Bello tweeted "... it was not a fair test of golf. Greens were unplayable, with unnecessary pin positions. @USGA found a way to make us look like fools on the course. A pity they manage to destroy a beautiful golf course."   In other words, the narrative on course conditioning at the highest level is being driven by those who have plenty of opinions, but lack expertise in the field. That's not good for the USGA, it's not good for Jennings and it's not good for you.   There is no question some of the pin placements were so close to the edge of Shinnecock's massive greens that they looked more like something from a superintendent's revenge tournament, prompting Phil Mickelson to take a whack at a moving ball on No. 13 on Saturday rather than face the prospect of playing it from the bottom of the hill.       Add in the controversy-driven media, an all-too-willing accomplice despite their absence of knowledge on the subject, and the feeding frenzy was on.   Even David Fay, the former USGA executive director, was on TV saying the course had been taken too far. He went on to say the real problem is that current demands require superintendents to cut greens too short all the time, not just for tournament golf. Other than what aired on The History Channel, those were the only words uttered on TV all weekend that made sense and should be captured for a spot in the next GCSAA marketing piece.   The USGA's Mike Davis finally conceded Saturday that pin placements, coupled with green speed and unexpected afternoon wind resulted in unfair conditions on some holes.   The result is a trickle down that could affect golf course superintendents everywhere.   The reality is it didn't have to be this way. The smart money says that if the USGA tells Jennings, or any other number of superintendents for that matter, what they want, odds are pretty good he's going to deliver it while providing a fair test of golf and without the circus-like atmosphere that seems to follow the USGA.    For decades, the industry has struggled to swim upstream against the Augusta Syndrome. On one hand, we have researchers, consultants and agronomists promoting the importance of sustainability, conservation of resources and acceptance of dry conditions that once in a while might include shades of brown. On the other we have the media and professional golfers who whine every time they don't get pristine conditions and lush green color.   They did it at Shinnecock and they did it at this year's U.S. Women's Open at Shoal Creek.   The game needs a consistent message. Either a little brown is OK, or it's not, and the pro circuit has to recognize how it drives public opinion about the game.   Frank Nobilo said on the Golf Channel on Sunday that the game was at a crossroads, and it's time to make a decision on what is most important, defend par by "tricking up" the golf course, accept high scoring every week or throttle back equipment. David Duval suggested the USGA consult with the PGA Tour on how to develop consistency from Thursday morning through Sunday afternoon.    I've yet to hear anyone suggest consulting the superintendent who works there all the time and produces consistency year-round - that is, until the USGA comes to town.    How does a superintendent stand a chance when he's not even part of the conversation?
  • Call it a bunker renovation on steroids.   That bunker project eventually transformed into a restoration of four Ross holes lost over time to previous renovation projects, reworking all the bunkers on the course, adding new tees and reclaiming the former glory of this Donald Ross classic in Toledo, Ohio, that has been the site of four U.S. Opens and two PGA Championships.   The foundation for this groundbreaking trip back in time was laid more than two years ago when architect Andrew Green walked the course with then-superintendent Chad Mark and members of the club as they conducted their due diligence in the search for an architect to draft a master plan.   On their own, those newer holes were fine - if they had been part of a golf course built in the 1970s, but they didn't fit in a 1916 design.   "It started as a bunker project. I could tell it had been worked on previously. I was blown away by Ross's use of the ground, but the newer holes stood out as different from the rest of the course," Green said. "The fine fescue faces, the wind, it just wasn't a good place for wispy fescue. It was a problem for maintenance and playability, lost balls, pace of play. They needed something to reinvigorate the place."   Changes to reclaim the glory days of Ross included reworking Nos. 2, 4, 5 and 8. The first is a replica of the second hold at Inverness that Ross built in 1916, while 4 is a recreation of the original No. 7, 5 is a replica of the original No. 13 and No. 8 is patterned after the original 6th hole, according to Green.   "I really respect Ross's work," Green said. "In all my time doing this, and that's about 20 years, you hear numerous things about the courses he did. Did he really do this or that, or was it just a whistlestop tour and they just call it a Ross course?    "The places like Inverness where you know he was on the ground and spent time, he did a marvelous job. He was a genius at fitting holes into the ground he had and being creative to build good golf holes. He had a great eye for utilizing the ground. Each piece of ground was utilized in unique ways, and there was a tremendous amount of variety in his designs.   "All the old guys were good. They didn't need a bulldozer to bail them out."   Green's plan included expanding the course onto some available land, so even though the layout isn't exactly the way Ross drew it up 102 years ago, it keeps alive his intent while also stretching the course to more than 7,500 yards to keep relevant in today's game. It also put the course, that will host the U.S. Junior Amateur in 2019 and the Solheim Cup in 2021, back in the spotlight.   If there is anyone who knows about preparing for and staging big events, it's Inverness superintendent John Zimmers, who came to the Toledo classic last April after nearly two decades at Oakmont Country Club near Pittsburgh.     Although getting back on the radar screen for big events is nice, it was not the intent of the renovation work, says Zimmers, who took over when Mark left last year for Muirfield Village in Dublin, Ohio.   "More than anything, this really is about everyday member play," Zimmers said. "We want them to have something they can be proud of."   While Inverness has a bright future, it also has a proud past.   Inverness is where Brit Ted Ray, in 1920, became the oldest U.S. Open champion at age 43, and it's where Billy Burke needed 72 playoff holes to beat George Von Elm by a single stroke in the 1931 championship. A grandfather clock in the clubhouse was gifted to the club's members in 1920 from U.S. Open participants as a display of gratitude for allowing them to use the clubhouse, which, until then was not permitted.   That is the era Green wanted to recapture.   "I play a lot of dirt golf and hit shots during different segments of construction to see what makes sense," Green said. "I used things that in my best guess Ross would have used in making the course come to life.   "I'm my own harshest critic. I want the golfer to step back into the same feel of the 1920 and 1931 U.S. Open. I think we did that. We created some variety around the greens and through the rest of the course. That's what we focused on. The natural flow and rhythm is back to where it should be."
  • It's hard to think about winter the same week the world's best golfers are competing in the U.S. Open - unless you're a superintendent growing Bermudagrass in the transition zone, then there are reminders all over the place.   There were visible blemishes aplenty at TPC Southwind in Memphis for the FedEx St. Jude Classic and at the U.S. Women's Open at Shoal Creek in Alabama, and, now that the high spring season is over in the Myrtle Beach area, nearly a dozen courses on the Grand Strand are temporarily closed while superintendents there make repairs to their greens.   The long, cold winter of 2017-18 has adversely affected countless golf courses growing Bermudagrass in the transition zone. Just a few months ago, Clemson turf pathologist Bruce Martin, Ph.D., called the winter damage throughout South Carolina the worst he'd seen in more than two decades.   In April, he estimated that 20 to 30 percent of the golf courses in Myrtle Beach had some level of damage on their putting greens, but that it would be two or three months before the full extent of the damage was known.   Today, we know.   According to The Sun News in Myrtle Beach, at least 11 courses in the area are closed, were closed or soon will be for repairs. That list, according to the newspaper, includes Glen Dornoch Waterway Links, the Tradition Club, Myrtlewood Golf Club, Indigo Creek Golf Club, the International Club, Diamondback Golf Club, Panther Run Golf Links, Long Bay Club, Lion's Paw Golf Links, Aberdeen Country Club and Sandpiper Bay Golf and Country Club.   Making matters worse has been a long, cool spring that delayed Bermuda-growing weather, Martin said.   There is enough damage at some other courses that the list of closed courses might grow.   The trials and tribulations of others would be wasted if they didn't serve as a learning opportunity for others.   Recent research at the University of Arkansas shed some light on the use of covers on ultradwarf Bermudagrass greens.   While covering greens protects them from cold weather damage, it also prevents play and requires more manpower to deploy and remove, adding to the course's operating costs.   Master's candidate Eric DeBoer looked into the effects of covers on Champion, TifEagle and MiniVerde greens at 25 degrees, 22 degrees, 18 degrees and 15 degrees Fahrenheit. According to the study, TifEagle and MiniVerde were more cold tolerant than Champion.   According to the study, Bermudagrass greens covered when temperatures reached 15 degrees survived throughout the winter with improved spring green up. Covered greens even survived two days of extreme cold temperatures where overnight lows dropped to 0 degrees on consecutive nights.   According to Martin, courses that used two layers of protection, such as a cover placed atop a blanket of pine straw that promotes airflow, came through the winter better than those with a single layer of cover.  
  • Aqua-Aid has rebranded it's stable of moisture management, soil amendment, nutritional and equipment products under the umbrella of Aqua-Aid Solutions. An entirely new website launched today at aquaaidsolutions.com, with new Facebook, Twitter and Instagram handles (@Solutions4Turf) as well.
     
    Long known for high-value or "affordable" surfactant and wetting agent products -- starting with the now legendary Aqua-Aid pellet and proportioner system back in 1986 -- Aqua-Aid has gradually added ancillary product lines to offer golf course superintendents and other turf managers a wide range of solutions to optimize growing conditions.
     
    Within the last decade, AQUA-AID Solutions expanded their portfolio with Verde-Cal products (enhanced lime, gypsum and potassium products), Imants and Vredo turf equipment from Europe and most recently Worm Power Turf vermicompost extract. Rather than disparate websites for each brand, all have now been consolidated into one comprehensive information source at aquaaidsolutions.com
     
    AQUA-AID Solutions current portfolio includes technologies that focus on each element of a turfgrass system: water, air, soil and sunlight. Their range of products provides synergistic moisture management, biological, soil and cultural solutions. Each technology is focused on long lasting agronomic value through improved aesthetics and playability on turfgrass systems in the golf and sports field arena.
     
    "We can touch any part of a turf managers agronomic program and deliver a solution to the challenges they may be facing," explains Sam Green, president of AQUA-AID Solutions. "This new platform will allow us to continue our mission of delivering unique technological advanced products to support agronomic programs while reducing environmental impact." 
     
    Before joining Aqua-Aid in 2013 as director of business development, Green was the golf course superintendent at the Country Club of Landfall and Eagle Pointe Golf Club in the Carolinas. Before his promotion to president of Aqua-Aid Solutions, Green was Chief Operating Officer of Aqua-Aid.
     
    The mission of Aqua-Aid Solutions moving forward is to "continue delivering customized innovations that solve turf and ornamental challenges by improving soil and plant health for agronomic programs around the globe".
  • How many Washington politicians does it take to solve a problem? No one knows: They've never solved one."  
    Part VI in a series of labor issues affecting the golf industry.
    To say the golf industry is facing a labor crisis is as obvious as pointing out that the game needs more players.
      Whether it's finding enough interns, AITs or just hourly employees to mow fairways and rake bunkers, it seems like most superintendents are having a difficult time finding, hiring and/or retaining enough help.    A shortage of labor is not a private club problem and it's not a daily fee problem. It's not a west coast problem or an east coast problem. It's just a problem, and it's not just limited to golf. Washington is in a unique position to help - with at least some of this problem - but don't hold your breath.   According to the New York Times, there were more than 50 teenagers in the labor force for every fast-food restaurant 25 years ago. While the number of restaurants in the marketplace has ballooned by more than 40 percent since then, the number of available workers seeking employment has been cut in half.   A Federal Reserve survey indicates that construction, retail, healthcare and agriculture are industries struggling to find enough help.   In 2000, about 45 percent of teenagers between 16-19 were employed. Today, only about 30 percent of eligible teens have a job.   Sounds a lot like the golf business, where a shortage of applicants has led many superintendents to lean on seasonal help through the H2B program.   Josh Saunders has been hiring temporary workers through the H2B program for the past five years at Longue Vue Club in Verona, Pennsylvania, mostly out of necessity.   He runs ads in the classified section of the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette not only to comply with H2B regulations, but genuinely in hopes of attracting local workers.   "I would love to hire Pittsburghers. The problem is, no one wants to do this work anymore," Saunders said.    "I post ads and go through interviews, but people don't want to commit to the hours, they don't want to work weekends, and where we are, the opioid issue is a big deal. I would ask people, can you pass a drug test?' because that is a prerequisite of working here, and I'd watch as people would get up and walk right out."   Some newspapers have recognized that employers are facing a labor crunch and have increased the cost of classified advertising exponentially.   Pat O'Brien, superintendent at Hyde Park Golf and Country Club in Cincinnati said the same help-wanted classifieds that once cost him $600 just a few years ago now cost $4,500.   "It's just another piece to the puzzle," O'Brien said.    His luck in attracting local talent through the paper is about on par with Saunders'.   "In four years, I've had just one applicant for an interview," he said. "Nobody (here) wants to do this work. There is a need for temporary seasonal labor."    
    I would love to hire Pittsburghers. The problem is, no one wants to do this work anymore."  
     
    Even for those who apply for seasonal workers, there is no guarantee they will get them. The number of requests the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service receives routinely exceeds the cap of 66,000 workers with 33,000 for workers who begin employment in the first half of the fiscal year (October 1 - March 31) and 33,000 for workers who begin employment in the second half of the fiscal year (April 1 - September 30). USCIS stopped accepting petitions in February.   With those petitions for seasonal help approved on a lottery system this year, even some of those who have crossed all their T's and dotted all their I's found themselves on the outside looking in.   "The process is getting harder and harder and harder," Saunders said.   Doug Norwell at Camargo Country Club in Cincinnati experienced a five-week delay in getting his seasonal help this year.   "I like the guys we get. They are fantastic," Norwell said. "I don't enjoy the process. I do it because I have to. We have a serious lack of workers.   "The work is not going to get done otherwise. No one is applying for those jobs."   The need for hard-to-get seasonal H2B employment isn't limited to golf.   On June 5, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement officials arrested 114 undocumented workers at two Corso's Landscape locations in northern Ohio. A raid of a Tennessee meatpacking facility in April netted a similar number of arrests.    Investigations into employers suspected of hiring undocumented workers were up about 60 percent in 2017 compared with 2016.   While the current administration's view on immigration policy and Congress's perpetual inertia at drafting comprehensive legislation is another topic for another day, the above examples help illustrate the fact that there are more unskilled, low-paying jobs in the U.S. than there are legal candidates (either U.S. citizens or guest workers) willing or able to fill them.   And that is something Washington can't ignore, or at least shouldn't
  • Part V in an ongoing series about labor issues affecting the golf industry.
    Cincinnati is known for many things.   It was the birthplace of Steven Spielberg and the childhood home of Charles Manson. President William Howard Taft was born in Cincinnati and four other presidents, Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, Benjamin Harrison and William Henry Harrison lived there at one time in their respective lives. The Reds were the first Major League Baseball team, and in the 19th century the city was the country's leading pork producer and third largest beer maker.   Today, the city that is home to Procter & Gamble and served as the backdrop on the closing credits for the defunct soap opera, The Edge of Night, also is a microcosm for the labor issues facing the golf industry.   Only 7 miles separate Camargo Country Club and Hyde Park Golf and Country Club, and their respective superintendents, Doug Norwell and Pat O'Brien, are longtime friends and one-time colleagues. And for several years, both have utilized the H2B program for seasonal temporary non-agricultural workers. Both use the same consultant to complete and file paperwork and until this year, they shared similar results, securing anywhere from four to 10 guest workers from Mexico to help them get through the golf season.   "I couldn't believe it when Pat got them and I didn't," said Norwell, superintendent at Camargo, a Seth Raynor classic in Cincinnati's posh Indian Hill neighborhood.   The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services set the H2B cap at 66,000 workers this year, 33,000 who begin work in each half of the fiscal year (Oct. 1, 2017-March 31, 2018 and April 1 2018-Sept. 30, 2018).   On May 31, the Departments of Homeland Security and Labor published a temporary final rule increasing the H2B cap by as many as 15,000 additional visas through the end of fiscal year 2018, which does little if anything to help many golf courses this fiscal year.   In the past, many utilizing the H2B system felt reasonably assured they would get some of the workers they needed as long as petitions were submitted before the Jan. 1 deadline. This year, the USCIS conducted a lottery to randomly select petitions for workers. Some who petitioned for workers, including O'Brien, got what he needed. Others, like Norwell, did not."   At Hyde Park, an urban Donald Ross design, O'Brien's staff typically includes a diverse group of retirees, interns, high school students, and, since 2014, as few as four and as many as eight guest workers from Mexico. That was the case this year, because of practice range renovation program this year. In four years, I've had just one applicant for an interview. Nobody (here) wants to do this work. There is a need for temporary seasonal labor." "This year was a little more challenging," he said. "Still, most of the people I know were fortunate."
    Norwell wasn't in that group - at least initially.   Although the consultant he works with submitted his petitions at the first possible moment, Norwell, who petitioned for 10 workers, at first was shut out of the process. He eventually received eight workers, but they came nearly a month-and-a-half after the course opened for the season.   When he thought he wouldn't be getting any guest workers, Norwell planned for dramatic changes at Camargo. That included buying a second triplex because he wouldn't have enough staff to walk mow greens, and a new faster, wider roller to make easier and faster to roll greens.   Whether a golf facility receives workers or not, there is a protocol to follow that can be costly, even for those who hit the lottery. Clubs must exhaust efforts to find American workers first, and that includes placing an ad in the local newspaper for two days, notifying past employees of the openings via U.S. mail, and posting job notices in a visible place at the club for current employees to see. Employers are required to pay the average local wage for the advertised position.    O'Brien paid more than $4,000 to run a help-wanted classified ad in the Cincinnati Enquirer   "In four years, I've had just one applicant for an interview," O'Brien said. "Nobody (here) wants to do this work. There is a need for temporary seasonal labor."   Although he was granted an 11th-hour reprieve this year, Norwell is ready to implement those changes next year.   "We're still planning on it for next year," he said. "It was a difficult process this year, and it's not going to be any easier next year.    "The safest thing is to plan on not having them."  
  • As a research scientist, Brian Horgan spends a lot of time looking for ways to promote healthy turf.   He also is concerned about sustainability and ensuring that the same things that make turf healthy dont harm the environment in other ways.   Horgan, of the University of Minnesota, and Pam Rice, Ph.D., a chemist with the U.S. Department of Agricultures Agricultural Research Service in St. Paul are looking for ways to minimize the risk of pesticide and fertilizer runoff into adjacent water bodies, and at least two management practices common on golf courses could help turf managers accomplish just that.   Rice and Horgan compared the effects of two turf management practices - hollow tine coring and verticutting - on controlling pesticide runoff by simulating rain events at the university's research station. The trial was conducted on creeping bentgrass and fine fescue maintained at fairway height. The researchers simulated rain with on-site irrigation and gutters channelled runoff into a flume that allowed them to control precipitation, measure runoff and collect samples for pesticide analysis.   The work was funded in party by the USGA.   "Golf courses can be surrounded by hundreds, or even thousands, of people living right alongside them," said Mike Kenna, Ph.D., director of research for the USGA Green Section, "so it's important to us that they're managed in an environmentally friendly way, and that they are not polluting the air or the water."   Horgan and Rice measured concentrations of five different pesticides in the runoff and found that core aerifying helped the soil absorb more runoff than verticutting and was more effective than coring and verticutting together, possibly because vertical mowing can compact the soil at points where the mower blades cut into it, the researchers said. The take-home message, they said, is go with coring if you are concerned about pesticide runoff at your golf course.   The results, which can help superintendents and researchers develop management strategies to improve environmental stewardship of managed turf while providing desired turf quality, were published in Science of the Total Environment.
  • "There is nothing noble in being superior to your fellow man; true nobility is being superior to your former self." 
    Ernest Hemingway
      The job of a university extension agent is to tell golf course superintendents what they need to hear, not what they want to hear. The two often are mutually exclusive.   For years, superintendents in South Carolina and beyond could rely on Clemson turf pathologist Bruce Martin, Ph.D., to do just that. After parts of four decades helping golf course superintendents and others diagnose problems and find ways to overcome them, Martin, 64, will retire from Clemson at the end of June.   "His impact here and around the country has been immense," said Tim Kreger, executive director of the Carolinas Golf Course Superintendents Association. "There are hundreds of facilities here and nationwide that he has helped. One of the keys to the success of that program has been that he is not on campus. He's close to all the courses on the Grand Strand, and that has been critical."   Regardless of which companies were paying him to conduct product trials at the university's Pee Dee Research and Education Center 200 miles east of the main campus, Martin routinely kicked out advice and management programs that were designed to help superintendents save their jobs rather than help distributors sell more of Product X.    For example, his infamous Program 13 includes products from a half-dozen companies and for more than a decade has been widely recognized as the gold standard for helping superintendents manage creeping bentgrass in summer.   "I try to tell them what works best," Martin said. "It's like any medical protocol: If you don't do A-B-C, you're going to die. A-B-C might come from different companies, but your job in extension is to be unbiased. I joke that I try to piss off all the chemical companies equally. Nobody laughs at that."   Scott Ferguson, CGCS at Wild Dunes Resort in Isle of Palms, South Carolina, has known Martin for more than 20 years. In that time, Martin has helped him manage fairy ring outbreaks, nematode infestations and conducted trials for new products on the golf course.   It is the concern that Martin has for superintendents that Ferguson says he will miss most.   "Everyone in the Carolinas has leaned on him pretty hard over the years. He genuinely cares about our success," Ferguson said. "Most of the time, he answers the phone when you call him, and if he doesn't answer, he calls you back 100 percent of the time.    "He will be sorely missed."A native of Conway, Arkansas, Martin graduated from local Hendrix College with a degree in biology. He earned a master's in plant pathology from the University of Arkansas and a doctorate in the same discipline from North Carolina State.   He had been working at a research station in Connecticut when his wife was hired at the Pee Dee lab, so he spent his first year in South Carolina working at Horry-Georgetown. A year later, he was hired to work in tobacco and field crops at Clemson.   Because of the importance of tobacco to the local economy, all students in the NC State program learned something about diseases that affected it.   "So, I was prepared for that," he said. "Well, I wasn't totally ingornant. Let me put it that way."   At NC State he studied under Leon Lucas, Ph.D., whom he credits as greatly influencing his career in turf pathology. Lucas, who later became the staff agronomist for the Carolinas Golf Association, brought a sense of humility with him on site visits because he knew the only reason he was there was because the superintendent needed help.   "I visited a lot of golf courses with Leon," Martin said. "You don't realize when you're that young that what you are diagnosing makes a big difference to the superintendent, but it does. Leon helped me understand that."   Along with Larry Stowell, Ph.D., of PACE Turfgrass Research Institute, Martin was the first in 2001 to diagnose and name Rapid Blight (Labyrinthula terrestris), a disease in cool-season turf typically caused by irrigation water high in salts.   "(Bruce) saved the day when a new turfgrass disease was discovered in California," Stowell said. "At the time, the disease had not been observed elsewhere and pathologists around the country had difficulty seeing the organism using microscopes or isolating the pathogen from grass samples using conventional methods. It wasn't until duplicate samples of Poa trivialis arrived at both the PACE lab and Dr. Martin's lab that progress on the nature of the pathogen gained momentum and the disease was named 'rapid blight.' Bruce immediately initiated lab tests, genetic analyses and fungicide trials and quickly identified control options. After several more years and collaboration between Bruce and Drs. Mary Olsen and Robert Gilbertson at the University of Arizona, the causal organism was identified to be a unique and new terrestrial plant pathogen in the genus Labyrinthula. Bruce's knowledge, generosity, curiosity and professionalism were the key to the discovery of the cause and management of this important turfgrass disease."   When it came to other types of cool-season grasses and how to help them make it through summer, Martin was on speed dial for a lot of superintendents. Kreger of the Carolinas GCSA recalled one of his first visits to the Pee Dee lab.   "Boxes were stacked above my head," Kreger said. "When I asked what they were, he told me they were turf samples from superintendents all around the country."   Helping superintendents, regardless of their location, was the norm for Martin, who has been a speaker at events locally, regionally and nationwide for decades.   "He's always been right in the center of research on creeping bentgrass," said USGA Green Section agronomist Pat O'Brien. "If there was a hall of fame for turfgrass pathologists, he'd be in it."   Martin, however, isn't so sure. It's all part of the humble nature that has come to define his career.  
    I'm not a jokester. I appreciate a good joke, but I'm crappy at telling them. I'd rather impart knowledge."
     
    For years, he taught with Rutgers' Bruce Clarke, Ph.D., at the annual Golf Industry Show. It was a long time, he said, before they determined what their audience wanted to hear, and how they wanted the information communicated to them.   "Sometimes you're too familiar with the top. I'd read through my reviews and they'd say things like "Martin needs to up his game.' I'd have to remember that they might be hearing something for the first time, but I'm telling it for the 20th time and you'd have to jack yourself up," Martin said. "That always bothered me. Some people are really good at speaking. I'm not a jokester. I appreciate a good joke, but I'm crappy at telling them. I'd rather impart knowledge.    "Finally, one year Bruce (Clarke) and I asked our (GIS) audience what they wanted us to talk about. Instead of trying to cover every disease, we'd cover the top 10. That made a huge difference in how we presented the material, and it made a huge difference in how they paid attention."   Much of that humility was learned through mistakes, which is yet another tidbit he tries to impart on superintendents.   "I've gotten my clock cleaned plenty of times, and I tell them that the same thing will happen to them once in a while," Martin said. "Once in a while, you run across someone who thinks they are infallible, but most understand this and want to learn how to recover from it."   Currently, Martin is part of the committee searching for his replacement, and although he will continue to consult for superintendents after he retires, he will stay equally busy with his hobbies that include bow hunting, fishing and chipping arrowheads out of pieces of flint.   "Talk about a waste of time, but it is something fun that I enjoy" he said. "I like to make something out of what used to be a rock. But flint is like glass, so you bleed a lot."  
  • It is not likely that Gleneagles Golf Course will ever end up on the golf industry's blacklist of closed courses any time soon.   The city-owned course in one of San Francisco's roughest neighborhoods has had every excuse to fail. It doesn't receive the same support as Harding Park or Sharp Park, the other municipal courses in the city's golf portfolio. Crime in the neighborhood is rampant. Tom Hsieh, who holds the management contract on the course doesn't have near the resources - in equipment or manpower - as other city course.   Despite those challenges, golfers come back day after day, month after month, year after year.   For nearly a year now, disc golfers also have been paying the nine-hole stick golf rate to play at Gleneagles. During the recent Memorial Day weekend, the course, which opened in 1962, was the site of the San Francisco Open professional disc golf event.   And get this, people, hundreds of them, paid Hsieh $10 each over three days to walk the course to watch the event. Hundreds of people, not thousands, walking along and talking with the sport's biggest names, Hsieh thought, might be similar to what other emerging sports went through as they slowly caught on with the masses.   "This is a niche sport with a lot of potential," Hsieh said. "This must be what golf was like in the '50s when you could walk along with people like Ben Hogan and Arnold Palmer."   Unlike the city-owned courses at Harding Park and Sharp Park, Gleneagles at McLaren Park has struggled on San Francisco's east side. The city doesn't fund it, like it does the other two courses. So the property that is in one of the city's worst crime zones must stand alone, and Hsieh has tried many different things to make sure it does.   He brought in disc golf about a year ago, after watching a steady stream of players flood into Golden Gate Park on the city's west side. He even started playing it to see what all the hubbub was about.   "I'd been watching it for 10 years. I live next to the only other disc golf facility in the city, and I drive past it every day," Hsieh said. "I watched the crowds grow bigger and bigger, and so I started to play myself to see what I could learn about it. Then I started to wonder if there were any disc golf courses on stick golf courses, and would people pay to play it."   Turns out they will.   After about a year, disc golf comprises 5 percent to 6 percent of Gleneagles' gross income.   "I'm not saying this is for everyone. I'm sure it's not," Hsieh said. "But we've hit a home run.   "It's not a lot, but it's another 40 bags of fertilizer for a second application. It's another few thousand units of water on the grass."   Although Hsieh already is in talks with the Professional Disc Golf Association about coming back to Gleneagles in 2019, getting the course to where it could host an event like the SFO was no small feat.   Setting up an 18-hole disc golf course within Gleneagles' existing routing cost between $15,000-$20,000, none of which Hsieh had just lying around a year ago. Familiar with the concept of crowdfunding, but unfamiliar with it in practice, Hsieh started a page through Indiegogo and to his surprise, raised $10,000 within the first 72 hours. Within three weeks, and against the wishes of park officials, he had the money needed to carve out a course in Gleneagles' out-of-play areas with the help of disc golf course architect Leonard Muise.   Hsieh had three goals when building the disc golf course within Gleneagles.   "I wanted to make it compatible with Gleneagles, I wanted to attract interim to advanced disc golfers, because that is the kind of traditional golfer who comes here, and I wanted to make it championship length so we could attract a major tournament," he said. "This week, we checked off the last of those. We had about 70 percent of the world's top 150 disc golfers, and we've only had disc golf open since June 2017. The locals love it and so did the pros because we have elevation changes and how it winds through the cypress trees. It plays exactly like the stick golf course does, and it sucks players into the out-of-bounds areas where we as golfers never go anyway."   For those curious about who has the right of way when the traditional golf and disc golf worlds collide at Gleneagles, the answer is simple.   "We are a golf course, first and foremost, and we will always be one. Traditional golfers are my first priority," Hsieh said. "We have asked the disc golf community to teel off after 11 a.m., and if they are holding up golfers in any way, to let them through. It has worked extremely well, and our stick golfers have been incredibly supportive."  
    We are one less statistic that gets rung up in 2018, and there are going to be a lot of them. You can take our name off that list."
     
    Hsieh has prior experience with emerging sports. In the 1980s, he founded the first trade magazine to cover the snowboarding industry. In those days, snowboarding was looked down upon by the skiing industry. As interest in traditional skiing waned, and slopes and retailers found it harder and harder to make ends meet, it wasn't long until the fledgling snowboarding industry sport was credited with bailing out its snooty cousin.   "I remember when snowboarding was a new upstart sport, and we were fighting to get onto ski resorts," Hsieh said. "They didn't like kids, the urban influence or the music. That went on for a long time, and we finally started getting on at mom-and-pop resorts. Skiing started losing its appeal, and new generations weren't going skiing. Everyone who was snowboarding was 15 to 20 years old, and that's who was missing from skiing. We knew then it was going to be big, bigger than skiing. Disc golfers feel the same way."   Hsieh lobbed a lot of the credit for the professional disc golf event's success to tournament director Sean Jack, who convinced him Gleneagles was the perfect venue for such an event.   "He told me we could make it as big as we want it to get," Hsieh said. "I'm a guy who's trying anything and everything to survive. We have traditional golf, foot golf and disc golf and a training academy for our workers. Nothing is too outside-the-box for me."   Indeed, Hsieh has a history of doing things differently at Gleneagles.   Since 2015, Hsieh has been working with a local labor union in the Bay area to provide unskilled labor in a pre-apprentice program that provides training and hope for at-risk residents from one of the city's worst neighborhoods. It also provides Hsieh with low- to no-cost labor and the satisfaction that comes with knowing he's doing something to help those who need it most.   And as golf courses continue to close at a startling pace while the industry seeks supply-demand equilibrium, such innovative programs help Hsieh keep Gleneagles off that growing list.   "I'm not saying I have all the answers. But for $20,000 I raised through crowdfunding, I have completely flipped my small business model," he said. "It's also taken some creativity and some risk-taking, but it has ensured that Gleneagles can make it into the near future, and that's a big deal. We are one less statistic that gets rung up in 2018, and there are going to be a lot of them. You can take our name off that list."
  • If you have ever watched a TurfNet University Webinar and wished you could view it again, or if you've ever signed up for one, but were unable to sit in for the live event, don't worry, recordings of the live broadcasts are available anytime, anywhere. And they're free, thanks to Grigg.
     
    Whether it is the "History of Poa annua", delivered May 23 by Beth Guertal, Ph.D., of Auburn University, or her March 12 presentation entitled "Soil tests: What do all those numbers mean?", TurfNet has a bank of nearly 200 recorded webinars conducted by dozens of industry experts dating back to 2011.
     
    Recordings include presenters from Penn State, NC State, Rutgers, Cornell, Ohio State, Michigan State, Kansas State, Tennessee, Kentucky, Auburn, Florida, Purdue, the Asian Turfgrass Center, the International Sports Turf Research Center and much more.
     
    Just like our live webinars, all recorded archives are free for everyone. TurfNet members should be logged in to their account, and non-members will have to register for a free guest account to view them.

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